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13:30   Integration and Collaboration III Chair: Anna Kadefors 13:30 20 mins COMPARATIVE ROLES OF MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BIM IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES Andy Wong, Francis Wong, Abid Nadeem Abstract: In this paper, the best-practices for the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems in various countries of the world are reviewed. On several occasions, BIM has been used in conjunction with Industrial Foundation Classes (IFC) which is used for better integration and interoperability of various components of BIM system. The roles of both the public and private sector in promoting and providing support for the implementation and development of BIM systems has been presented. The impact of such roles on the overall progress of BIM in a country has been evaluated. The finding shows that the roles of both public and private sector in promoting BIM have merits under the circumstances of the country which include factors such as the size of the country and the nature of country’s economy. It is suggested that the public sector in Hong Kong should take an active role to drive the implementation of BIM to a wider level in the territory. 13:50 20 mins FOUR WAYS FOR VALUE CREATION WITH INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NETHERLANDS: THE ADDED VALUE OF A METROSTATION IN AN URBAN AREA Adri Proveniers, Ad den Otter, Tessa Hilgers, Sam van 't Westeinde, Thymon van de Wiel Abstract: Keywords: Infrastructure development, infrastructure finance, value creation, Value Capturing, added value. ABSTRACT As the saying goes the Dutch are very keen on spending money. But are they also keen in creating money and capture this? The answer seems to be no: In the Netherlands the financing of infrastructure and urban district development is normally a governmental matter. The government sometimes lacks the means to develop these projects because the general high risks and losses with these complex, mostly inner city projects. Projects become hard to realize, so urban quality is at stake. Value Capturing is a financial tool which could be used to help realize infrastructural improvements and fill in these shortcomings of the Dutch Government. The research is performed in corporation with the civil engineering bureau of the city of Amsterdam and reveals that value capturing in the Netherlands possible is in four ways. 14:10 20 mins GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES FOR MARKET INVOLVEMENT IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING: AN INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW Sander Lenferink, Jos Arts Abstract: The role of government in planning is changing as the private sector gets more involved in road infrastructure provision in the developed world. This paper aims to provide an overview of these changes in infrastructure planning in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The approaches in the different countries are compared for (1) the goals to be achieved in the planning process and product, (2) the distribution of public and private responsibilities and the allocation of risks, and (3) the timing of market involvement and the information availability. This paper argues that the approaches differ substantially with regard to market involvement: the goals differ between attracting private funding and stimulating innovative solutions, the timing differs between early and late involvement and the risks and responsibilities could be distributed by outsourcing or shared by partnering. A strategy for the Dutch government could be to focus less on contracts and more on contacts, leading to more cooperation with the market in partnering arrangements. 14:30 20 mins CROSS-CULTURAL COLLABORATION IN ARABIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Amir Mahran, Rob Geraedts Abstract: Within cultures, values play an important role in how people behave in daily life. Values also play an important role in organizational behavior. In cross cultural settings, differences in values can be a serious issue in management, turnover, organizational commitment, and conflict. Differences in negotiation and communication styles can cause serious problems and have a significant impact on whether a multinational company, merger, or joint venture succeeds across cultures. If cultural differences are mismanaged, the consequences are potentially disastrous, and previously effective managers and organizations can become ineffective and frustrated with overseas and multinational ventures. On the other hand, the successful management of cultural differences can create a competitive advantage, innovative business practices, and organizational learning. This study channelized cultural manifestations in four themes, which are time orientation, concepts of negotiations, hierarchies and protocols, and conflict approaches. Literature, cases and interviews are the methods used to collect data for this qualitative research. It is expected that cross-cultural collaborations have an effect on projects in numerous positive ways. As people from various countries and various cultures cooperate, the discussion is that the diverse points of view brought to the project caused to more effectual and created creative solutions. This became apparent from the cases and interviews studied; however, the benefits are not necessarily automatically generated. They must be managed. As Arabic Engineers shape time synchronically generally doing numerous things at a time. Dutch Engineers shape time sequentially. Also do Dutch engineers base their stance on facts and logic, while Arab engineers are more likely to use an appeal on emotion. Arabic hierarchies within organizations are to be considered family-type organizations, while Dutch organization base their hierarchies on rational-legal authority. 14:50 20 mins THE ARCHITECTURE OF QUALITY. PERFORMANCE BASED QUALITY CHECKING OF VIRTUAL’ DESIGN AND AS BUILD’ PROTOTYPE IN BIM Henk van Zeeland Abstract: Keywords: interoperability, overview, coherency, datahandling, prototype-testing ABSTRACT Introduction and problem definition: Private client specifications, national public codes and guaranty conditions are the main reference basis for Quality Checking of building projects. Exchange of project related reliable building information is essential for integration and collaboration of all partners in the building process. Quantity take off (QTO),Version Management are other relevant items and have to be in full control. Quality Checking: As main item the determination of quality and communication on technical quality of building project needs well organised “tools” for data handling. Performance based technical quality information as meta data file perhaps needs an intelligence structure of it’s own. Technical building quality of complex projects can be related to a lot of items. The principle question is: ”what is the over all architecture of the technical quality” and how can this mass of information be organized fit for data -handling,-mining, -storage and exchange/sharing. Virtual visual checkable quality versus calculated quality and quantity: • If in the design phase the project is virtual hosted in a Building Information Model some aspect can be checked (visual or calculated) by hand or automatically. (eg the 2 or 3 dimensional aspects of special quality ) • If in the fully “ as build “ phase a still virtual project is hosted in a BIM other quality aspects can be checked ( eg calculation in the field of construction safety or physical aspects and so on ) • Only the technical aspects based on specific “testing in situ” of new items / new solutions can on principle reasons not be tested in BIM’s. but perhaps simulated and / or visualised. Experience with available (draft ) standards: iso 12006-3 as draft IT tools. IFC: Industry Foundation Classes is a neutral data format for exchange and sharing building data. IFD International Framework for Dictionaries filled with product specifications by using a language of defining a product ontology. IDM Information Delivery Manual is a description of (sub)processes and specifications of information a specific partner has to deliver in a specific phase of a process.(not yet a standard) • BIG BIM: Focused on good integration and collaboration related on data sharing partners in practice often still use their own specific different software. In a so called BIG BIM as a ideal situation all partners can use their own software and the data exchange is more or less “software independent“ • LITLE BIM: In LITLE BIM (as second best for data sharing) all partners can only use different programmes of one specific software firm. Quality Checking in BIM focussed on the item data handling: As a result of an on going Ph doc study on the architecture of quality the outcome will be presented of research on the items of Smart Codes & Smart Standards ( performance based ) in a specific EU country with more than 15 years of experience. The need and profit of harmonization of input data and using condition and recommendations how to come to a Quality Information System (QIS) in BIM’s will be presented and can be discussed on the conference.