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11:00   Adaptable Futures IV Chair: Louis Lousberg 11:00 20 mins A CASE STUDY OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS FOR ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS -- INSTRUCTION ON THE OPEN BUILDING CONCEPT Yoko Sone Abstract: Formal design education of architecture at Japanese universities starts with first connecting programmatic conditions (function) to the form of the building. In residential design, for example, this involves the number of bedrooms and circulation patterns corresponding to the structure of the family unit, or kitchens appropriated to the dimensions of the human body. Although perhaps it is unavoidable that design students without formal experience must be taught the distinctions in form that arise from programmatic conditions (functions), as a result, a majority of students develop the misunderstanding that these conditions (functions) are primarily linked to form. To make up for this fault, the author who is an instructor for residential study exercises assigns students with short exercises in parallel with their first design exercises. Through report assignments in which students are to observe buildings from other aspects other than function and form, and through design exercises utilizing the skeleton small houses, students are trained in flexibly considering buildings in regard to temporal conditions and changes of usage. 11:20 20 mins ENHANCEMENT OF CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPT: AN EXPERIENCE IN IBS MALAYSIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY M Nasrun M Nawi M Nawi Abstract: In the construction process of a traditional contracting system, most design drawings and specifications produced by the design engineers are function oriented, specifying an end result and materials, while leaving the means and methods for constructing the work to the contractor. While in nature, Architects or engineers are not exactly expert in construction means and method. Consequently, the reality of construction is that most of the problems encountered in the field such as reworks, delay and low quality or productivity are often compounded by inherent design flaws generated in the design phase. An alternative solution to overcome the problem is by implementation of constructability concept. Constructability is often portrayed as integrating construction knowledge, resource, technology and experience into the engineering and design of a project. Since 1998, Malaysian government through Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) seriously took an action to reform the current construction practice towards industrialization or offsite industry. One of the examples of constructability offers by off-site is the repetitive use of system formwork made up steel, aluminum, etc. The open system provides a high degree of design flexibility and constructability. However, the major contribution of off-site and other sort of pre-fabrication is the introduction of Modular Coordination concept (MC). MC is a concept of coordination of dimensions and space where buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a basic unit or module known as 1M which is equivalent to 100 mm. The system allows standardisation in design and building components, thus promoting constructability. 11:40 20 mins FLEXIBLE HOUSING TYPES Sigrid Loch Abstract: Due to current global ecological and economic challenges, concepts for the design of sustainable and adaptable building structures are, again becoming more important in Europe. Furthermore, the growing demand for individual adaptable housing types is also fuelled by individualization, demographic change ethnic diversification, and the transition to a flexible world of work. Since the end of the 1980s, the range of flexible dwellings has significantly been broadened in Europe, which led to a wide variety of types: from functional open floor plans, floor plans with sliding walls and various combination types to vanguard space sceneries, experimental high-tech adaptable structures and building types with open functional program. But scientific research on this new typology could not keep pace with the rapid evolutionary development in housing. Until now, only few trials to analyse and evaluate the new flexible housing typology have been undertaken. In this article, the different methods of flexibility will be systematically structured. Additionally, new innovative projects that have been implemented in European countries and where different strategies of flexibility have been applied will be introduced. 12:00 20 mins CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING GREEN DESIGN WITH OPEN BUILDING CONCEPT INTO BASE BUILDING ARCHITECTURE IN JAPAN Puei Kuen Cheow, Kazuhiko Nishide Abstract: Keywords: green design, open building concept, sustainability versus flexibility, nature of change, multi-disciplinary design Green design and open building concept are considered as two internationally recognized new waves in Architecture. The integration of the ideas of sustainability and flexibility are needed in order to design and evaluate base buildings from a more holistic perspective. This paper studies about the challenges in integrating green design with open building concept into base building architecture in Japan. The objectives of this study are to identify the problems and difficulties as well as to find out the development, trend, strategies and priorities given while applying the concepts mentioned above in Japan. The methodology used is case studies of buildings from different categories. In general the summarized findings are: 1) Participation of building users in base building architecture is still not very prevalent in Japan. 2) Base building architecture in Japan possesses either green design concept or open building concept only, the integration of both concepts still need a lot of effort and attention. 3) It is very difficult to compromise between the two concepts due to the continuous changes of need and requirements in base building design from time to time. The conclusion of the study are: 1) The nature of change, whether in technology development, social preferences or building standards like seismic design requirements are factors that need to be taken into account while integrating green design with open building concept into base building architecture. 2) Multi-disciplinary design is required for base building design which is ready for new changes and meanwhile possesses the ability to accommodate future expansion. 12:20 20 mins BRIDGING THE PAST AND FUTURE: THE DESIGN MODE AND ROLE OF ARCHITECTS IN OPEN BUILDING PRACTICE Beisi Jia Abstract: Keywords: flexibility, participation, design service ABSTRACT Housing flexibility is more than technical potentials and architecture design interests. It includes a complexity of relations between the housing supply initiated by clients, including private developers, or public institutions, and the housing demands of particular users. Architects who succeeded in providing flexibility act more like communicators and servants than designers in the traditions of the architectural profession. There is a need to understand the importance of changing the role of architects from creators of ideas and solutions, including floor plans and techniques of flexibility, to providers of customer service. To justify this, this paper investigated flexible housing projects in Switzerland, participatory design mode of Baumschlager & Eberle and a student team work in a urban design project at University of Hong Kong. It reveals the interactions among architects, clients, and users and compares the different understanding and procedures in different contexts. It points out the importance of providing a “software” package to support the technical and ideological participatory design.