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13:30   New Roles I Chair: Per Anker Jensen 13:30 20 mins COLLABORATIVE DESIGN AND WEB-BASED DATABASE FOR ACTIVE ROOFS Emile Quanjel, Ad den Otter, Wim Zeiler Abstract: Lack of collaboration is usually caused by the following aspects; a lack of integration in the team, knowledge gaps between team members and failing flows of information and communication feedback between team members. Especially the collaboration between designers and contractors shows difficulties causing sub-optimal design solutions and problems in construction and use of these solutions. Within the building industry the roofing industry is aware that a change in collaboration and knowledge exchange with designers is needed; because integration of knowledge is most effective in the beginning of the design process. This was translated into one of the aims of the 6th European Research Project EURACTIVE ROOFER; develop tools to support designers and specialized roof-contractors in the setting of collaborative design to create innovative – active – roofs. One of the tools which was developed within this research is presented in this paper; a web-based database. This tool has to stimulate members of design teams, Architects and Roofers, to use collectively qualified and shared specific information of innovative – active – roofs. Through using a structuring method, Morphological Charts, a web-based database was designed which should be able to manage the available existing knowledge and also could add new knowledge about active roofs in the future. The concept of the web-based database will be explained on its structure and functioning and be discussed by the results and insights gained by the EURACTIVE ROOFer-workshop with practitioners from the Dutch Construction Industry. Also will be discussed how this support tool can be seen in relationship to Knowledge Management. The paper will conclude with recommendations for further research. 13:50 20 mins TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN ORGANIZATION Mahdi Hemati, Rinus van Houten, Ad den Otter Abstract: In this paper a designed model is proposed for knowledge creation and sharing in knowledge intensive organizations (KIO) providing services in the Dutch building and construction industry. Creation of required knowledge and sharing of new knowledge in such organisations is mostly on an insufficient level and does only affect a part of the organization. A large amount of valuable knowledge therefore remains often unused or used in a too small scale. The model developed through field research activities is based upon two parallel, complementary and dependent processes which analyze, create and develop the required knowledge in KIO’s. In this paper, developing the required knowledge in KIO’s is considered on (i) the internal knowledge which is essential to achieve the goals of the KIO that should be continue enhanced intern to be compatible with the strategy of the organization; and (ii) the market knowledge which is necessary to develop and maintain the primary processes, services and business opportunities for the KIO and offering the demanded product externally to the concurrent market. The model is positioned in the KIO as a central platform with all the knowledge fields involved for the analyzing, creating, developing, sharing, applying and continue evaluating the mentioned required knowledge’s. Therefore, the model presents a steering group for this platform that structures knowledge creation and sharing by controlling and managing the two processes to achieve the aim of the platform which is ‘determine and adjusting the knowledge management strategy of the KIO’. The objective therefore is by using the model effectively in the KIO, to create a balance between the strategy of the organization and the knowledge management strategy. This is an obligatory issue to fulfil the gap between the knowledge management and working structure routine in the organization. The model presented is designed as a useful solution of a practical oriented research assignment about the knowledge management for an organization active in the Dutch building industry. In the assignment a research methodology is used that consist of several steps. First, the organization is deeply analyzed by using interviews with respondents, analysing of documents and the practice intern and extern, while simultaneously an extended theoretical framework is created. Based on the outcomes a model for knowledge creation and sharing in a KIO is developed and tested as a practical model. Finally implementation methods are proposed. 14:10 20 mins COLLABORATIEVE DESIGN IN PROTOSPACE 3.0 Hans Hubers Abstract: Keywords: Collaborative design, BIM, IFC, Parametric design Collaborative design was proposed already in the eighties and still there are hardly any examples in practice. We define it as the multidisciplinary simultaneous design from the very start of a project. Even the Helsinki University of Technology Auditorium Hall 600 project, although it is a great example in practice of the use the International Standard Organization Standard for The Exchange of Productmodel data (ISO/STEP) and the derived Industry Foundation Class (IFC), and the many reported advantages, is more co-operation than collaboration. Since there are no good examples, there must be something wrong with the methods and tools that are used until now. We proposed a method and prototype for real-time collaborative design over the Internet. But after 4 years of research tests showed that only the architect could work well enough with the prototype. The advisors for construction, installations and cost estimated a need of up till 100 hours of training first. Another approach is needed. Our research shows that at least some meetings of the collaborative design team should be face-to-face. Videoconferencing over the Internet is still not reliable, especially the sound often drops, which is very soon irritating. Dedicated videoconferencing systems are too expensive for most projects. A combination of Internet based videoconferencing and phone lines for the sound might be a solution, but we concentrate for now on the local real-time collaboration. There is no good alternative for shaking hands, looking into each others eyes and other body language. Recent parametric design software (Generative Components, Digitial Project, Revit, Rhino/Grasshopper etc.) has interesting possibilities, because with that the design is not made by hand, but by algorithms and parameters. Changes in the design should only be made to the parameters or scripts. Rerunning all the scripts results then in short time in a complete new 3D model, bill of quantities, 2D sections etc. Thus the 3D model stays flexible until the end of the design process. This makes the participation of many stakeholders feasible. Of course it also has drawbacks: setting-up a parametrical model asks for very smart strategies, programming skills, precise documentation and -probably the most significant drawback- IFC based BIM has no sense anymore. IFC only holds the static information of the objects and their attributes, while parametric design needs to exchange the parameters and the algorithms. Despite the EUR 13 million EC InPro project we believe that parametric design is the future and the first results are very promising. Also an example of its use is found in structural design. An important feature of some of these parametric design applications is the possibility to unfold the geometry on a flat surface. In this way files can be produced that can be sent directly to milling and cutting machines in the factories. We call this file-to-factory, but it is also called Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) productions. We selected some machines to use in our research in combination with collaborative design. That research will take place in a new version of our laboratory that will consist of five big projection screens and intuitive interfaces for the team to work with. We looked into motion tracking, speech recognition, game controllers, PDA’s, RFID systems and plan to start research with the iPhone etc. In that way the collaborative design team can quickly evaluate their ideas in 360 degrees virtual reality, in physical models and 1:1 prototypes. Besides every team member should be able to use his own familiar software. Our research team will connect the different applications on the Application Programming Interface level. We already did that for Virtools-AutoCAD-MS Excel-Rhino-3DS Max-Oasys GSA. This approach corresponds very well to the Concept Building approach of Pieter Huijbregts and the Living Building concept of Hennes de Ridder. Both will be briefly explained. The focus will be on parametric design of non-standard and interactive architecture and the consequences for collaborative design. 14:30 20 mins PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN CHINA'S INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: LESSONS LEARNT Yongjian Ke, ShouQing Wang, Albert Ping-chuen Chan Abstract: Recently, the Chinese government has shown its active attitude to encourage and support private investors to participate in the infrastructure construction and public service supply, and there is a huge investment opportunity for PPP in China. However, many risks exist especially due to the immature legal system and creditworthiness of the government, and only those who have in depth understanding on the Chinese legal system and manage risks well will succeed. This paper, therefore, explains the most frequent risks encountered in China’s past PPP projects like legal/regulation risks, political risks, economic risks, and force majeure risk. Lessons learnt from previous PPP implementations in China are also summarized, such as being familiar with the local government and its off-take capability, business environments; avoiding unfair contract; launching a boundary for higher and lower rates of return.